Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as Add-On to Metformin with or without Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Real-World Database Study

Background Real-world Indian studies evaluating effectiveness of dapagliflozin as an add-on to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce. Methods An electronic medical record (EMR)-based, retrospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy in adult patients with inadequately controlled DM on metformin with or without other OAD. Baseline characteristics (visit 1: metformin or metformin plus OAD treatment for at least 30 days) and treatment-related outcomes (visit 2: follow-up) considered between 60 and 140 days after adding/switching dapagliflozin [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were analysed. Results A total of 3616 patients were screened from 478 centres. Most patients had received dapagliflozin (D) + metformin (M) + at least one other OAD [D + M + OAD, n = 2907 (80.4%), 408 followed-up with HbA1c reported], while 709 patients (19.6%, 138 followed-up with HbA1c reported) received dapagliflozin + metformin (D + M). Treatment with dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy resulted in significant change in HbA1c (−1.1 ± 1.44%; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −1.6 ± 1.41%; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) at visit 2 compared with visit 1. Significant change in body weight (−1.4 ± 3.31 kg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; − 1.5 ± 3.22 kg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was observed at visit 2. Similarly, a significant change in BMI was noted for the HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5% (−1.0 ± 8.38 kg/m 2 ). However, the change in BMI in the HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8% was noted to be −1.4 ± 10.4 kg/m 2 , which was not statistically significant ( p = 0.08). In the overall study population, significant change in the SBP (−4.5 ± 14.9 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −4.5 ± 15.1 mmHg; p < 0.0001 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was observed at visit 2 compared with visit 1. On identical lines, significant change in DBP (−1.5 ± 8.94 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −1.4 ± 8.91 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was noted. Conclusions Dapagliflozin showed significant improvement in glycemic parameter, BMI and BP when added to metformin, with or without other OADs in a real-world scenario.