Genetic factors for breast carcinogenesis

Breast cancer is a multifactorial genenetic disease in which oncogenes derived from normal cellular genes intervene, which constitute positive signals of cellular proliferation and tumour suppressor genes and represent negative signals of cells multiplication and differentiation. Although these alterations which affect germinal cells produce inherited cancers, in most of the cases somatic cell genes are affected. To the susceptibility of cancer due to genes as BRCA1 and BCRA2, the effect of factors associated to environment, life style and toxic habits are added, these determine a complex interrelation genes-environment which imply an activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressors. The objective of this review in to offer an updated view about the main genes implied in breast carcinogenesis. The topic is controversial y currently deeply investigated.