Quantum-Heat Fluctuation Relations in Three-Level Systems Under Projective Measurements

We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is thermal. The latter condition is trivially satisfied for two-le...

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Veröffentlicht in:Condensed matter 2020-03, Vol.5 (1), p.17
Hauptverfasser: Giachetti, Guido, Gherardini, Stefano, Trombettoni, Andrea, Ruffo, Stefano
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is thermal. The latter condition is trivially satisfied for two-level systems, while this is generally no longer true for N-level systems, with N > 2 . Focusing on three-level systems, we discuss the occurrence of a unique energy scale factor β eff that formally plays the role of an effective inverse temperature in the Jarzynski equality. To this aim, we introduce a suitable parametrization of the initial state in terms of a thermal and a non-thermal component. We determine the value of β eff for a large number of measurements and study its dependence on the initial state. Our predictions could be checked experimentally in quantum optics.
ISSN:2410-3896
2410-3896
DOI:10.3390/condmat5010017