Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes en hemodiálisis

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. In hypertensive patients, chronic kidney disease is the second cause of death, and systemic vascular damage has become the norm.Objective: To identify traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors and their association with cardiovascular disease in patients on hemodialysis.Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on 247 patients on chronic hemodialysis. The variables analyzed included: causes of chronic kidney disease, traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular diseases. Frequency tables and association statistics were determined by the chi-square test. The prevalence ratio (PR) was used to determine the risk of mortality. The level of statistical significance was considered to be at p value of less than 0,05 with a reliability of 95 %.Results: The most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease were arterial hypertension (35,6 %) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (33,1 %). Hypertensive patients were 2,63 times more likely to present cardiovascular disease than the reference group. In the case of non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the patients with elevated C-reactive protein were 5,19 more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, followed by those with hyperuricemia that were 3,79 more likely, and the patients with alterations in calcium and phosphorous who were 3,27 times more likely to suffer from this disease.Conclusions: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are significantly related to the presence of cardiovascular disease. Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de muerte en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. En los hipertensos, la enfermedad renal crónica es la segunda causa de muerte, el daño vascular sistémico es la norma.Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales y no tradicionales y su asociación con la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes en hemodiálisis.Material y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en 247 pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica. Las variables analizadas fueron: causas de enfermedad renal crónica, factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionalesy no tradicionales y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se determinaron tablas de frecuencias y estadísticas de asociación mediante Chi cuadrado. Para determinar el riesgo de mortalidad se utilizó la razón de prevalencia (RP). Se consideró como nivel