Daytime GNSS scintillation due to Es over Arabian Peninsula during low solar activity

•Constant presence of daytime GNSS phase scintillation (σϕ) due to persistent sporadic-E (Es) over Arabian Peninsula in low solar activity.•The most favorable local time (LT) of the day for the occurrences are the morning (08:00 to 12:00) and the late afternoon (16:00 to 18:00) hours.•Low occurrences of post-sunset scintillation suggests that the main driver of the daytime ionospheric scintillation over Arabian Peninsula is the presence of Es. A constant presence of daytime GNSS phase (σϕ) and amplitude (S4) scintillation during the times sporadic-E (Es) was observed, is reported. The most favorable local time (LT) of the day for the occurrences are the morning (08:00 to 12:00) and the late afternoon (16:00 to 18:00) hours. Es and σϕ/S4 are found to be in very good correlation. Low occurrences of post-sunset scintillation suggest that the main driver of the ionospheric scintillation over Arabian Peninsula during the low solar activity period is the presence of Es.