The first case of Odoribacter splanchnicus bacteremia isolated from a patient in China

Odoribacter splanchnicus is an extremely rare pathogen of human infection. This case reports bacteremia infection of O. splanchnicus, which is highly likely to result in misdiagnosis if inappropriate diagnostic method are used. A 29-year-old Chinese male patient with no underlying disease was hospitalized twice for injuries caused by a car accident. During the second hospitalization, abdominal surgery was performed and high fever developed after the surgery. A strain of O. splanchnicus was isolated from the blood and confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Finally, the patient recovered successfully by using antibiotics, fluid replacement and albumin input. This is the first case of O. splanchnicus bacteremia in China. We present a brief review of the cases concerning O. splanchnicus infection in humans. O. splanchnicus, as part of the normal intestinal flora, is well known for its anti-tumor and immune regulating properties, it is rarely isolated from clinical samples. This case illustrates the potential of O. splanchnicus as a pathogen and suggests attention to the use of new and advanced methods like MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify rarely isolated species from clinical samples.