Comparison of dual-energy computer tomography and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for evaluating lung perfusion defects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

To evaluate the agreement in detecting pulmonary perfusion defects in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension using dual-energy CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Second, to compare both imaging modalities in monitoring lung perfusion changes in these patients after undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy. 20 patients were examined with CT and MRI before and/or after pulmonary endarterectomy. Estimated perfusion defect percentage from both modalities was compared in a lobe-based analysis. Spatial agreement of perfusion defect maps was also assessed. A significant correlation between CT and MRI based perfusion defect percentage was calculated in all lung lobes (r > 0.78; p < 0.001). In addition, a good spatial agreement between perfusion defect maps was found (mean spatial overlap for the whole lung was 68.2%; SD = 6.9). Both CT and MRI detected improvements in pulmonary perfusion after pulmonary endarterectomy: 8% and 7% decrease in whole lung perfusion defect percentage (p = 0.007 and 0.004), respectively. In a lobe-wise analysis, improvements were statistically significant only in lower lobes using both modalities (reduction in defect percentage ranged from 16-29%; p < 0.02). Dual-energy CT is an alternative to MRI in monitoring chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Both imaging modalities provided comparable estimations of perfusion defects and could detect similar improvement in lung perfusion after pulmonary endarterectomy.