The health equity in all policies (HEiAP) approach before and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic in the Italian context

[...]Italian regions have experienced a significant trend to promote the private sector (e.g. in most northern regions, including Lombardy, the region most affected by the pandemic) [17,18,19]. [...]while managing the emergency, hospital care should have been assisted more by local assistance. [...]there have been severe cuts to the health system funding and lack of replacement of health workers [20]. Because of these political decisions, the Italian health system was unprepared to face a pandemic. [...]the most economically fragile people (caregivers, housekeepers, precarious workers and all those who do not have adequate socio-economic protection) are those that will most likely have serious repercussions in terms of health implications even in the long run [25, 29].