Correlation analysis of heat stability of veterinary antibiotics by structural degradation, changes in antimicrobial activity and genotoxicity

The relationship between the structural degradation of veterinary antibiotics, their antimicrobial activity, and possible mutagenicity after heating have not been well investigated sequentially. This study aimed to evaluate the heat stability of 14 veterinary antibiotics under a short-term heating scenario by characterization of their structural degradation and their relationship to resultant changes in antimicrobial activity. Mutagenicity was also examined in four representative antibiotics after 15-min-heat treatments at two temperatures (100 deg C and 121 deg C). Differential heat stabilities of antibiotics between drug classes, between temperature levels, and among the same class of drugs were discovered. Heat treatment resulted in the reduction of the main peak and the production of new peaks in certain antibiotics, contributing to minimum inhibitory concentration increases of 2- to 1,024-fold. Ranking of heat stability by antibiotic classes at 121 deg C was highest for sulfonamides, followed by lincomycin, colistin, tetracyclines and beta-lactams while at 100 deg C sulfonamides equaled lincomycin, but variability was observed within different tetracyclines and beta-lactams. Correlation analysis suggested that except for doxycycline, structural degradation of the drugs was in good agreement with the reduction in antimicrobial activity. Mutagenicity (Ames) tests on heated chlortetracycline resulted in 2- to 6-fold revertant changes in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The combined results suggest that correlation analysis of structural degradation and antimicrobial activity offers dual evaluation of a drug's heat stability but gives little advantage over assessment of the resultant toxicity.