Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota Composition of the Arctic Zone Residents in the Far Eastern Region

. In many studies over the past decade, scientists have made a connection between the composition of gut microbiota and human health. A number of publications have shown that gut bacteria are involved in many metabolic and physiological processes of the organism. The composition of the gut microbiome is unique for each person and is formed under the influence of various factors associated with both the individual characteristics of the body and the characteristics of the environment. Different regional characteristics make it necessary for the body to adapt to certain conditions, including temperature fluctuations. Living in areas with low temperatures, such as the Arctic zone, dictates the need for increased energy consumption, which affects the composition of the gut microbiome. In our study, an extensive questionnaire was conducted among the participants, where many questions were included about the dietary preferences of the study participants, which allowed them us to further divide them into groups according to their diets. Stool samples were collected from participants from 3 groups: Arctic native, Arctic newcomer and the control group. The next step was the isolation of bacterial DNA and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis of the results of the diversity of the intestinal microbiota was carried out both with and without taking into account the dietary preferences of the participants. . As a result of comparing the intestinal microbiota obtained from residents of the Arctic zone with the gut microbiota of residents of other regions with a milder climate, significant differences are found. These differences may be related to limited food resources and a reduction in the variety of food products characteristic of this Arctic region. t was also found that representatives of the bacterial families and dominated the control group, both with traditional nutrition and with a dairy-free diet in comparison with the Arctic groups. The control group was dominated by representatives of the and families compared to the Arctic group (with a traditional diet). The results also show that the number of representatives of the families (with traditional diet) and (with milk-free diet) is growing in the Arctic group. In the course of this work, bacterial families characteristic of people living in the Arc-tic zone of the Far Eastern region of the Russian Federation were identified. Poor diet, difficult climatic conditions, and problems with logistics and medical