Wakefield measurement using principal component analysis on bunch-by-bunch information during transient state of injection in a storage ring

Wakefields and beam instabilities are important issues for a storage ring and are described by various theoretical formalisms. Direct measurements of the beam motion related to different dynamical mechanisms are a useful input to accelerator optimization. This paper reports on an experimental method based on a simplified wakefield model, where bunch-by-bunch position information were monitored during the transient injection process at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Processing the bunch-by-bunch data by means of the principal component analysis allowed for immediate operational improvements—such as in situ compensation of the kicker leakage, and energy matching between the booster and the storage ring.