Correlation of Genotype and Perinatal Period, Time of Diagnosis and Anthropometric Data before Commencement of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment in Polish Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome

Genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) has still not been fully described. We retrospectively analysed data of 147 patients and compared groups according to genetic diagnosis: paternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13 (DEL 15, = 81), maternal uniparental disomy (UPD 15, = 10), excluded DEL 15 (UPD 15 or imprinting centre defect, UPD/ID, = 30). Group DEL 15 had an earlier genetic diagnosis and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) start ( = 0.00), with a higher insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) level compared to group UPD/ID ( = 0.04). Among perinatal characteristics, there was only a tendency towards lower birth weight SDS in group UPD 15 ( = 0.06). We also compared data at rhGH start in relation to genetic diagnosis age-group 1: age ≤9 months, group 2: >9 months ≤ 2 years, group 3: > 2 years. Group 1 had the earliest rhGH start ( = 0.00), with lower body mass index (BMI) SDS ( = 0.00) and a tendency towards a higher IGF1 level compared to group 3 ( = 0.05). Genetic background in children with PWS is related to time of diagnosis and rhGH start, with a difference in IGF1 level before the therapy, but it seems to have little impact on perinatal data. Early genetic diagnosis leads to early rhGH treatment with favourable lower BMI SDS.