Measurement report: Evaluation of the TOF-ACSM-CV for PM1.0 and PM2.5 measurements during the RITA-2021 field campaign

The recently developed time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor with a capture vaporizer and a PM2.5 aerodynamic lens (TOF-ACSM-CV-PM2.5) aims to improve the collection efficiency and chemical characterization of aerosol particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm. In this study, comprehensive cross-comparisons were performed between real-time online measurements and offline filter analysis with 24 h collection time. The goal was to evaluate the capabilities of the TOF-ACSM-CV-PM2.5 lens, as well as the accuracy of the TOF-ACSM-CV-PM2.5. The experiments were conducted at Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) during the RITA-2021 campaign. The non-refractory fine particulate matter (PM1.0 and PM2.5) was measured by two collocated TOF-ACSM-CV-PM2.5 instruments by placing them behind a PM2.5 and PM1.0 inlet, respectively. A comparison between the ACSMs and PM2.5 and PM1.0 filter samples showed a much better accuracy than ±30 % less given in the previous reports, with average differences less than ±10 % for all inorganic chemical species. In addition, the ACSMs were compared to the Monitoring Instrument for Aerosol and Gas (MARGA) (slope between 0.78 and 0.97 for inorganic compounds, R2≥ 0.93) and a mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS), measuring the particle size distribution from around 10 to 800 nm (slope was around 1.00, R2= 0.91). The intercomparison of the online measurements and the comparison between the online and offline measurements indicated a low bias (< 10 % for inorganic compounds) and demonstrated the high accuracy and stability of the TOF-ACSM-CV-PM2.5 lens for the atmospheric observations of particle matter. The two ACSMs exhibited an excellent agreement, with differences less than 7 %, which allowed a quantitative estimate of PM1.0 vs. PM2.5 chemical composition. The result showed that the PM1.0 accounted for about 70 %–80 % of the PM2.5 on average. The NO3 mass fraction increased, but the organic carbon (OC) mass fraction decreased from PM1.0 to PM2.5, indicating the size dependence on chemical composition.