Severe ocular trauma. A four years retrospective study

Introduction: eye trauma represents a challenge for doctors and is an important reason for hospitalization. Objective: to know the epidemiological clinical behavior of serious eye trauma. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of severe eye trauma at the “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital in the period between 2015 and 2018. Results: Young men between 18 and 24 years predominated(12.6%), open globe eye trauma (84.8%), penetrating lesions (70.9%), in eyes with open balloon trauma, zone 1 was the most affected (71. 9%) and in those with the closed balloon trauma, zone 2 (47.8%), 56.3% of traumas occurred in work settings (those occurred in regular environments were the most common -52.9% -), the lens damage was the most common complication in both types of eye trauma, posttraumatic endophthalmitis had an incidence of 7%, a gateway> 5mm, the rural environment and direct damage to the lens were the most frequent predisposing factors, the presence of two or more predisposing factors (77.8% of cases with post-traumatic endophthalmitis) and, according to the calculation of the Ocular Trauma Score, 39.8% of the patients were placed in category 3. Conclusions: severe eye trauma is an important cause of morbidity in young men and occurs very frequently in work environments and in rural environments. Damage to the lens represented the most frequent complication in both types of trauma. The presence of several predisposing factors increases the risk of posttraumatic endophthalmitis.