Association of dietary inflammatory index and refractive status in American adolescents: NHANES 1999-2008

Several nutrients have been found to be associated with the prevalence of myopia, and the role of dietary patterns in influencing myopia risk has recently garnered significant attention. We aim to explore the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and refractive status in adolescents. Data from 7,331 participants were analyzed from the 2005-2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Smooth curve fitting and linear regression analysis were used to explore both non-linear and linear relationships between DII and spherical equivalent refraction (SER). The threshold effect of DII on SER was analyzed using a two-piecewise linear regression model. DII was connected with a lower SER, indicating a shift toward myopia ( : -0.0586; 95% CI: -0.1109 to -0.0063;