Castanea mollissima shell polyphenols regulate JAK2 and PPARγ expression to suppress inflammation and lipid accumulation by inhibiting M1 macrophages polarization

[Display omitted] •PC1 and PB1 are the main components of CSPs.•CSPs suppress M1 type macrophage polarization.•CSPs reduce inflammation by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling.•CSPs increases cholesterol efflux by PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 pathway. Castanea mollissima shells are a by-product of Chinese chestnut processing and contain many polyphenols. Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). We investigated the action of Castanea mollissima shell polyphenols (CSPs), with proanthocyanidin C1 and proanthocyanidin B1 as the main phenolic components, on macrophages. CSPs (40 μg/mL) significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion in M1-type macrophages (p