Botulinum toxin type A products are not interchangeable : a review of the evidence

Provides evidence as to why Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) products are not interchangeable, and sheds light on reasons that most published studies show differences between products while others do not. Discusses the fundamental properties of these medications that impart their unique biological characteristics, and considers how these differences influence their in vivo activity as evident in both preclinical and clinical studies. Addresses how the studies supporting regulatory approvals provide dosing guidance, safety information, and documentation of clinical efficacy, and increase confidence in each product's clinical utility. Considers the implications of non-interchangeability regarding BoNTA products and approval status. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.