Serum cytokines to predict systemic lupus erythematosus clinical and serological activity

We aimed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)‐6, interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as predictors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical and serological activity, and their correlation with the treatment received. We performed a retrospective analysis of 77 patients with SLE according to the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics (SLICC) criteria. The outcomes were serological activity (SA), active disease (AD), complete remission (CR), the low‐disease activity state (LDAS), and immunosuppressive treatment. SA was present in 17.1%, AD in 17.3%, CR in 13%, and LDAS in 64.9% of patients. IL‐6 values were higher in patients in SA, in AD, in those receiving steroids alone, and in patients without CR or LDAS (p