Foliar spraying of MnO2-NPs and its effect on vegetative growth, production, genomic stability, and chemical quality of the common dry bean

A large part of the income of most developing countries is coming from the agricultural field, where semi of their population relies on farming in their life. The world population is growing rapidly; consequently, there is a requirement to increase agricultural output through the implementation of newfangled technology such as nanotechnology. Herein, the manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2-NPs) were prepared as a foliar nano-fertilizer. The effect of different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40ppm) of MnO2-NPs on the common dry bean plant criteria, yield, chemical quality of leaves and seeds, genomic DNA, and some genes encoding proteins were investigated, which was planted throughout two sequent seasons 2020 and 2021 in clay soil. The results showed that MnO2-NPs with a concentration of 30ppm enhanced the growth criteria and the yield percentage by (45.2 and 48.9%) during two seasons, respectively, of a common dry bean. The chemical quality for leaves and seeds varied in their response to MnO2-NPs. In addition, the genomic DNA and some genes encoding proteins of the plants were significantly affected by MnO2-NPs at concentrations of 30 and 40ppm in comparison to other concentrations.