Émergence des langues créoles et rapports de domination dans les situations créolophones

French creoles are one of the cultural and social offspring of the development of social entities produced by European expansion, by the founding and development of exploitation colonies and their slave holding systems. First, the paper retraces the emergence of French creoles. Then, it addresses the conflict between creole languages and French in the French overseas department in the course of history and in the present times. The paper concludes on the challenge of literacy for French creoles.