Feline primary hyperaldosteronism: an emerging endocrine disease
The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone se...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Ciência rural 2016-04, Vol.46 (4), p.686-693 |
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Zusammenfassung: | The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone secretion are related to increased sodium and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium, which induce hypertension and severe hypokalemia, respectively. The most common clinical findings in cats include: polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, generalized weakness, neck ventroflexion, syncope, anorexia, weight loss, pendulous abdomen and blindness. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of hormonal hypersecretion with suppression of renin release, imaging and histopathological evaluation of adrenal glands. Treatment may be curative with adrenalectomy, in cases of unilateral disease, or conservative, through administration of aldosterone antagonists, potassium supplementation and antihypertensives. Prognosis varies from fair to good with the appropriate therapy. This article reviews the main aspects of primary aldosteronism in cats, providing the clinician with important information for the diagnosis of this disease.
RESUMO: O hiperaldosteronismo primário, doença endrócrina cada vez mais identificada em felinos, caracteriza-se pela disfunção da glândula adrenal com interferência no sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, desencadeando a hipersecreção de aldosterona. As consequências da secreção excessiva de aldosterona estão relacionadas com o aumento da retenção de sódio e água e aumento da excreção de potássio, que ocasionarão, respectivamente, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e hipocalemia grave. O diagnóstico é realizado com base na comprovação da hipersecreção hormonal com supressão da liberação de renina, além de exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica da adrenal. O tratamento pode ser curativo, com a adrenalectomia, em enfermidades unilaterais, ou conservativo, por meio de antagonistas da aldosterona, suplementação de potássio e anti-hipertensivos. O prognóstico é bom e reservado com a terapia apropriada. |
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ISSN: | 0103-8478 1678-4596 0103-8478 1678-4596 |
DOI: | 10.1590/0103-8478cr20141327 |