The EMEP Intensive Measurement Period campaign, 2008–2009: characterizing carbonaceous aerosol at nine rural sites in Europe

Carbonaceous aerosol (total carbon, TC.sub.p) was source apportioned at nine European rural background sites, as part of the European Measurement and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) Intensive Measurement Periods in fall 2008 and winter/spring 2009. Five predefined fractions were apportioned based on ambient measurements: elemental and organic carbon, from combustion of biomass (EC.sub.bb and OC.sub.bb) and from fossil-fuel (EC.sub.ff and OC.sub.ff) sources, and remaining non-fossil organic carbon (OC.sub.rnf ), dominated by natural sources.