Lessons learned from hybrid surgery with preoperative coil embolization for an aberrant artery in pulmonary sequestration

Background The optimal management of an aberrant artery in pulmonary sequestration (PS) is controversial. Several studies have shown that hybrid surgery with preoperative coil embolization for an aberrant artery and surgical resection of the sequestrated lung is effective. However, there are no clear indications for the procedure. Case presentation A 68-year-old woman without any complaints was diagnosed with right intralobar PS, which was supplied by an aberrant artery from the thoracic aorta, via computed tomography performed during a medical examination. In addition, lung adenocarcinoma was detected over the border between the right upper and middle lobes. Preoperative coil embolization was performed by an interventional radiologist the day before surgery to decrease the risk of severe intraoperative hemorrhage. On the following day, bi-lobectomy of the right upper and middle lobes for lung adenocarcinoma with systemic lymph node dissection and segmentectomy of the sequestrated lung with thoracotomy was performed. Although no active hemorrhage was observed during surgery, the aberrant artery was challenging to dissect using an energy device due to the presence of an intravascular coil. Eventually, the coil stump was exposed, and it was cut with scissors. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusions We reported the pitfall of the hybrid surgery for intralobar PS. Preoperative coil embolization can prevent fatal intraoperative hemorrhage. If embolization is performed using a coil for an aberrant artery supplied from the thoracic aorta, where and how to dissect the aberrant artery should be cautiously determined based on preoperative images, with consideration of the presence of an intravascular coil.