Advancements in Biogas Production from Cow Dung: A Review of Present and Future Innovations

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, which is significant with energy consumption. Currently, Indonesia is heavily dependent on fossil fuels to its energy needs, but continued reliance on these fuels could lead to depletion. To overcome this problem, biogas is considered as an alternative energy source for cooking and electricity, especially from waste such as cow dung. This research provides an overview of biogas production from small cattle farms in Indonesia, with a focus on cow dung as a valuable resource. It covers factors that increase biogas production, multiple digesters, purification techniques, and integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Articles for this study were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method from reputable journals indexed in Scopus and PubMed. Sustainable biogas from cattle farms offers energy generation using abundant cow dung. Optimizing production involves adjusting raw materials, temperature, pH, C/N ratio and HRT. Different types of digesters have unique advantages. Purification techniques such as water scrubbing, PSA, etc. increase methane production. Integrating IoT provides monitoring and optimization. Biogas production has enormous potential for renewable energy, requiring the use and application of efficient techniques, digester types, purification, and IoT integration for a greener future.