Ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted DLLME followed by RP-LC-PDA method for bioassay of daclatasvir in rat serum: application to pharmacokinetics

Background Daclatasvir is a direct-acting antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) used for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype infections of 1 and 3. Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no reports found to be daclatasvir in ionic liquid-based extraction. Methods A simple vortex assisted an environmental eco-friendly ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for determination of daclatasvir form rat serum. For the sample extraction, various green solvents, like ionic liquids, were used. The repercussion of various dispersive solvents, extractant, and disperser ratios was evaluated; non-identical ionic liquids assess the salt concentration on sample recoveries and enrichment factors were examined. Amid all the ionic liquids that were scrutinized, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was selected as the most effective ionic liquid. Results The present bioassay recoveries were found to be more than 99.4% at an extractant and disperser ratio of 0.43 with an addition of 5.0% NaCl (sodium chloride) that was selected as an effective salt concentration for present extraction. Compared to protein precipitation, the enhanced detection and quantification limits attained were 0.015 μg/mL and 0.045 μg/mL, respectively. A linear relationship in the range of 0.05–10.0 μg/mL respectively with a correlation coefficient of ( r 2 ) 0.9996 was observed. Conclusion The developed method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of daclatasvir in rat serum according to the bioanalytical method validation guidelines.