USP14 governs CYP2E1 to promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through deubiquitination and stabilization of HSP90AA1

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver, and overly severe hepatic steatosis progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Ubiquitin-specific proteinase 14 (USP14) regulates inflammation, hepatocellular carcinoma and viral infection, but the effect of USP14 on NAFLD is unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of USP14 in the progression of NAFLD and its underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that hepatic USP14 expression was significantly increased in NAFLD in both humans and mice. Hepatic USP14 overexpression exacerbated diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in mice, in contrast to the results of hepatic USP14 knockdown. Furthermore, palmitic/oleic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation in hepatocytes were markedly increased by USP14 overexpression but decreased by USP14 knockdown. Notably, in vivo or in vitro data show that USP14 promotes NAFLD progression in a cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent manner, which exacerbates hepatocyte oxidative stress, impairs the mitochondrial respiratory chain and inflammation by promoting CYP2E1 protein levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis that USP14 inhibits the degradation of heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1) by decreasing its lysine 48-linkage ubiquitination. Meanwhile, upregulation of HAP90AA1 protein promotes CYP2E1 protein accumulation. Collectively, our data indicate that an unknown USP14-HSP90AA1-CYP2E1 axis contributes to NAFLD progression, and we propose that inhibition of USP14 may be an effective strategy for NASH treatment.