Association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass in US adults: results from NHANES 2011–2018

To investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass (LMM) in a representative adult population, accounting for total energy intake and other potential confounders.PurposeTo investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass (LMM) in a representative adult population, accounting for total energy intake and other potential confounders.This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 8,443 participants. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and LMM was defined based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake and the odds of LMM, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, total energy intake, and additional covariates.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 8,443 participants. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and LMM was defined based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake and the odds of LMM, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, total energy intake, and additional covariates.In Model 1, after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, and poverty-to-income ratio, participants in the highest quartile of vitamin D intake had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37-0.79) compared to the lowest quartile, with a p for trend