Apical and cervical displacement produced by hand and engine-driven stainless steel and nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved root canal

Aim: The purpose of this study was eval Aim: uate the occurrence of displacement on the apical and cervical thirds of artificial curved root canals with 30° of curvature, comparing the use of stainless steel hand and oscillatory files with nickel-titanium (NI-TI) hand, rotary and oscillatory files. Methods: Methods: Seventy artificial curved root Methods: canals were divided into 7 groups (n=10). All canals were prepared with sizes 15 to 40 instruments at the working length according to a crown-down technique. The amount of material removed in the curved portion of the simulated canals at 2 mm level outside and 11 mm inside was measured. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p