Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose. We identified the associations between levels of aqueous glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and systemic or ocular factors in patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME). Methods. We measured the aqueous concentrations of GRP78, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17, placental growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We explored the associations between aqueous GRP78 levels and those of other aqueous factors, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and systemic parameters in CIDME patients. Results. In multivariate regression analysis, aqueous GRP78 levels were associated with aqueous VEGF levels (p=0.007), length of EZ disruption (p