2297 The direct effect of trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) on cardiac muscle contractile mechanics

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine if trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) alone could acutely alter cardiac contractile function on a beat-to-beat basis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CD1 adult mouse hearts were extracted, attached to a force transducer, oxygenated, and paced within an organ bath. Changes in contractility were measured after pipetting or reverse perfusing TMAO through the aorta via a modified Langendorff apparatus to facilitate TMAO delivery into the myocardium. To determine if our findings translated to the human heart, we performed contractility experiments using human right atrial appendage biopsy tissue retrieved during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. To investigate whether TMAO alters contractile rate, in a separate series of experiments, the atria and sinoatrial node of isolated hearts were kept intact to allow for spontaneous beating without artificial pacing and were treated with TMAO or vehicle. In addition, intracellular calcium measurements were performed on spontaneously beating embryonic rat cardiomyocytes after TMAO or vehicle treatment. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found acute exposure to TMAO, diluted into the organ bath, increased average contraction amplitude 20% and 41% at 300 µM and 3000 µM, respectively ( p