Ultrasound Imaging of the Periodontium Complex: A Reliability Study

Background. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, low-cost diagnostic tool widely used in medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that ultrasound imaging might have the potential to be used intraorally to assess periodontal biomarkers. Objectives. To evaluate the reliability of interlandmark distance measurements on intraoral ultrasound images of the periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods.Sixty-four patients from the graduate periodontics (n = 33) and orthodontics (n = 31) clinics were recruited. A 20 MHz handheld intraoral ultrasound transducer was used to scan maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars. Distances between the alveolar bone crest and cementoenamel junction (ABC-CEJ), gingival thickness (GT), and alveolar bone thickness (ABT) were measured by 3 raters. The intercorrelation coefficient (ICC) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were calculated among and between the raters. Raters also scored images according to quality. Results. The ICC scores for intrarater reliability were 0.940 (0.932–0.947), 0.953 (0.945–0.961), and 0.859 (0.841–0.876) for ABC-CEJ, GT, and ABT, respectively. The intrarater MAD values were 0.023 (±0.019) mm, 0.014 (±0.005) mm, and 0.005 (±0.003) mm, respectively. The ICC scores for interrater reliability were 0.872 (95% CI: 0.836–0.901), 0.958 (95% CI: 0.946–0.968), and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.789–0.873) for ABC-CEJ, GT, and ABT, respectively. The interrater MAD values were 0.063 (±0.029) mm, 0.023 (±0.018) mm, and 0.027 (±0.012) mm, respectively. Conclusions. The present study showed the high reliability of ultrasound in both intrarater and interrater assessments. Results suggest there might be a potential use of intraoral ultrasound to assess periodontium.