Possibilities of assessing trace metal pollution using Betula pendula Roth. leaf and bark - experience in Serbia

In this study, both seasonal and spatial variations in trace metal uptake, as well as concentration of photosynthetic pigments in Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees in five urban parks in Pančevo, Smederevo, Obre­novac and Belgrade (Serbia) affected by different anthropogenic activities were studied. The characteristics of soil were assessed in terms of texture, pH and trace element content. Concentrations of boron, strontium and zinc in both leaves and bark showed an increasing temporal trend, however, copper showed an opposite seasonal trend. A higher accumulation of trace elements was not­iced in leaves compared to bark. The obtained results for photosynthetic pig­ments showed low sensitivity of birch to B, Cu, Sr and Zn contamination, indi­cating that birch tolerates pollution and climate stress by increasing the amount of pigments. Analysis of the effects on soil chemistry of trace element accu­mul­ation in plant tissues proved that soil chemistry poorly explains the vari­ability of elements in bark (27.6 %) compared to leaves (82.99 %). Discrim­inant analysis showed that Belgrade and Smederevo are clearly separated from the other three sites.