Patrones de crecimiento durante los primeros dos años de vida en niños con antecedentes de asfixia perinatal tratados con hipotermia terapéutica: estudio retrospectivo longitudinal

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a high-risk obstetric complication for the development of organic and functional alterations that can lead to states of malnutrition, with all the adverse effects that these entail on health and human development. The objective of the present study was to describe the physical growth patterns presented during the first two years of life in a sample of children with a history of PA.Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal study, in 52 cases of children with a history of AP who attended a comprehensive follow-up and care program during the first 24 months of age. Growth trends were determined based on what was established by the WHO (2006), classifying children according to the changes observed on the score-z of anthropometric indicators. All children chosen for the study were treated with therapeutic hypothermia.Results: 38.5% of the cases presented malnutrition trajectories without recovery, with chronic malnutrition being the predominant growth alteration. The Delayed intrauterine growth (PR=1.61; 95%CI: 1.028-2.529), weight-length ratio for gestational age less than the 10th percentile (PR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.021-1.849), the work (PR=1.59; 95%CI: 1.119-2.265) and a lower educational level of the mother (PR=1.40; I95%CI: 1.041-1.899) were significantly associated with child malnutrition.Conclusions: Malnutrition trajectories represented a frequent problem in the study group, so it is considered important to continue this line of research to determine the prevalence of growth alterations in children with this and other pathological conditions Introducción: La asfixia perinatal (AP) es una complicación obstétrica de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de alteraciones orgánicas y funcionales que pueden conllevar a estados de malnutrición infantil, con todos los efectos adversos que estos suponen sobre la salud y desarrollo humano. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los patrones de crecimiento físico presentados durante los primeros dos años de vida en una muestra de niños con antecedentes de AP. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal, en 52 casos de niños con antecedentes de AP que asistieron a un programa de seguimiento y cuidado integral durante los primeros 24 meses de edad. Las tendencias de crecimiento se determinaron con base en lo establecido por la OMS (2006), clasificando a los niños de acuerdo con los cambios observados en el puntaje Z de los indicadores antropométr