How neurosurgeons maintain and update their professional knowledge in a self-directed learning context

Given the changes in the current learning environment health professionals are facing major challenges to keep up with current and updated information with the rapidly growing clinical and scientific knowledge base. Being able to identify relevant, high-quality articles, adapt or adopt to new learning strategies with an already intense workload are just a few of the main challenges. Self-directed learning is a key skill of competent health professionals and describes the process by which individuals evaluate their learning needs, goals and the resources needed for learning, however the emerging problems for professionals practicing SDL are manifold. A qualitative, exploratory approach based on four research questions was used to understand how skilled neurosurgeons maintain and update their professional knowledge. Twenty-six neurosurgeons within the University Hospital of Bern completed a semi-structured interview. One of the main findings concerns the differences between neurosurgeons regarding the SDL strategies they employ, which is compounded by their level of experience. All participants recognized that new or alternative learning approaches are necessary to manage the learning landscape, and for many this concerned their use of learning digital tools. Many, however, were unsure how to change their current behavior. The results highlight that positive factors influencing SDL in the workplace include learning leadership and support in identifying new or alternative strategies, an internal culture committed to learning as well as digital learning tools and networks. All are vital in managing the continuously evolving learning environment.