Methods and Techniques of Linguistic and Rhetoric in the Quotation of Persian Poetry in Kalileh and Demneh

Technical prose is more than the meaning in the thought of the arrangement of the word, and uses a lot of rhetorical delusions to decorate the word. One of these linguistic and rhetorical delicacies is the guarantee of poetry during prose. Among the more than 240 verses that are implicated by Nasr ol-Lah Monshi, more than seventy percent has been chosen from odes. Abundant usage of the ode form is very common because it was the prevailing form of poetry before the seventh century. In Kalileh, which is a masterpiece of technical prose, the quote poetry has a unique position in terms of quality and quantity. Nasr ol-Llah Monshi, has quote poetries and verses in all stories of Kalileh and Demneh. The relation between poetry and prose in this book is such that the reader does not feel any jump between the prose and the quote poem. It seems that the entire work, including poetry and prose, is written in an integrated form and by a person. He has various methods that using the quote poetry does not hurt the linguistic integrity of the text. One of the most important ways that Nasr ol-Lah has utilized to create and maintain this harmony is making minor changes in the poems of the poetries. In other words, he has created small changes in some quote poetries that are not capable to quotation in the text without changes to increase the harmony between his own text and the other’s poetries to the best. Of course, all the changes in the quote poetries in Kalileh cannot be known deliberately or in order to the maintenance of the integrity of the text. Linguistic changes created in the quote verses, as compared to the poet’s books, can be due to reasons such as the difference of copies, the carelessness of the scribes, making the coordination with the prose or the presentation of the poetries from the writer's memory without referring the original books of the poets. The changes in the quote verses and hemistiches are at the level of the vocabulary and increase or decrease the conjunctions and prepositions. Nasr ol-Lah Monshi has tried to use a variety of linguistic and rhetorical techniques to maintain a strong link between quote poetry and his text. In such a way that we see less of the heterogeneity between quote verses and the text of the book. In Kalileh, the verses and hemistiches are quoted from poets such as Sanaayi, Masoud Saad, Abu al-Faraj Rouni, Amir Moezi, Farrokhi Sistani, Osman Mokhtari, Kasayi, Abu Saeed Abu al-Khair, Onsori, Masoudi Razi. Among the more