Numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer of MHD natural convection flow in a cavity with effects of source and sink

The study of fluid flow and heat transport is found in many engineering applications such as boilers, nuclear plants, thermal energy storage, and underground pipelines. This study focuses on investigating the effects of isothermal source and sink on natural convection and entropy generation for Casson fluids using the finite element method. Under these considerations, fins ensure the effectiveness of heat transfer systems and flow patterns. Results describe that a higher Ra value leads to promote heat and mass transfer while Ha has the opposite impact. By increasing Ha value, results to retard convective heat transfer. As the Lewis number increases, so does the entropy due to deformation and the Bejan number. The shape optimization study about fins is performed in detail. The aspect ratio of cold fins is varied from 1.25 to 7, found that length and width are nearly directly related to entropy, mass, and heat transfer rates. The correlation coefficient for mean Nusselt and Sherwood number versus sink width is 0.9942, very close to 1, showing a very close direct relationship. The linear regression coefficients for mean Nusselt, Sherwood number and total entropy versus sink lengths are (0.7484, 2.2343), (0.7706, 2.254) and (2.4927, 5.8662), respectively.