Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance and genotypic study of the vacA , cagA , iceA , oipA and babA genotypes of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw milk

Foods with animal origins and particularly milk play a considerable role in transmission of . The current study was performed to assess phenotypic characters of antibiotic resistance and genotyping pattern of , , , and alleles amongst the strains isolated from raw milk. Six-hundred and thirty raw milk samples were collected and cultured on Wilkins Chalgren anaerobe media. Antibiotic resistance and genotyping patterns were studied using disk diffusion and PCR, respectively. Sixty-seven out of 630 (10.63%) raw milk samples were positive for . Ovine raw milk (17.27%) samples had the highest prevalence of , while camel (5.00%) had the lowest. strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (82.08%), tetracycline (76.11%), amoxicillin (74.62%), metronidazole (65.67%) and erythromycin (53.73%). Prevalence of resistance against more than 10 types of antibiotics was 17.91%. (83.58%), (80.59%), (77.61%) and (68.65%), (73.13%) and (44.77%) were the most commonly detected genotypes. We found that (56.71%), (56.71%), (43.28%) and (43.28%) were the most commonly detected genotyping pattern. Frequency of -, - and - genotypes were 26.86%, 62.68% and 55.22%, respectively. We found that S1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (28.35%), m1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (28.35%) and s2/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (26.86%) were the most commonly detected combined genotyping pattern. Simultaneous presence of , , , and genotypes in antibiotic resistant strains indicates important public health issue regarding the consumption of raw milk. However, additional researches are required to find molecular genetic homology and other epidemiological aspects of in milk.