Effect of herd, parity, stage of lactation and milk yield on urea concentration in milk

The objective of this study was to determine how non-nutritional factors such as herd, parity, days in milk, milk production, and milk components affect the concentration of milk urea. A retrospective, observational study comprising analyses of individual cow records from monthly dairy herd improvement milk tests including milk urea tests was conducted. Six commercial Holstein dairy herds were involved in the investigation from October 2000 to September 2003. The data were evaluated using the mixed linear model with repeated measures, and parameters were estimated by the REML method. Significant differences in milk urea concentrations were observed between herds with a significant variability between test dates within herds. Significant effects of parity, days in milk, and their interaction were also found. Higher concentrations of milk urea were determined in the cows on the first and second parity (5.63 and 5.62 mmol/L, respectively) in comparison with the groups of cows on the third and fourth parity (5.47 mmol/L). Milk urea concentration increased significantly with the square of milk yield, while a negative quadratic relationship was found between milk urea and fat concentrations. Milk urea concentration should be evaluated in association with days in milk, milk yield, milk fat and protein concentrations.