Chemical alterations in soils fertirrigated with wastewater from swine facilities/Alteraciones químicas en suelos fertirrigados con aguas residuales porcícolas/Alterações químicas em solos fertirrigados com águas residuais suinicolas

The increasing size of swine farms poses an environmental risk to water bodies, considering that manure is generally applied to croplands without appropriate agronomic criteria. Objective: the present work aimed to evaluate various chemical changes occurring in soils fertirrigated with filtrated wastewater from swine facilities (FWS). Methods: 21 drainage lysimeters filled with Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latossoil were cultivated with tomato plants in protected environments, and fertirrigated with several doses of FWS, with and without fertilizer addition. Treatments were: T1: control (provided the recommended irrigation and fertilization needs for tomato plants). Treatments T2, T3, and T4, provided 100, 150, and 200% of recommended nitrogen (N), respectively, by adding filtered swine wastewater. Treatments T5, T6, and T7 provided equivalent N percentages with fertilizer addition. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (seven treatments and three replications). Results: compared with initial conditions, an increase in the concentration of available phosphorus was observed, mainly in the superficial layers. The FWS addition resulted in increments in N concentration in the superficial layers, while chemical fertilizer application resulted in larger displacements in the soil profile. Conclusion: chemical fertilization was more effective than FWS for ionizing the soil solution.El aumento en el tamaño de las granjas porcinas supone un riesgo ambiental para los cuerpos de agua, teniendo en cuenta que el estiércol se aplica generalmente a las tierras de cultivo sin adecuados criterios agronómicos. Objetivo: el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los diversos cambios químicos que ocurren en los suelos fertirrigados con aguas residuales de instalaciones porcícolas (FWS). Métodos: 21 lisímetros de drenaje llenos con Latosuelo distrófico rojo-amarillo fueron cultivados con plantas de tomate en ambientes protegidos, y fertirrigados con varias dosis de FWS, con y sin adición de fertilizante. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: control (proveía la irrigación y fertilización recomendada para las necesidades de las plantas de tomate). Los tratamientos T2, T3 y T4 suministraron el 100, 150 y 200%, respectivamente, del nitrógeno (N) recomendado, mediante la adición de las aguas residuales filtradas. Los tratamientos T5, T6 y T7 proporcionaron los mismos porcentajes de N mediante la adición de fertilizantes. El experimento se realizó en un diseño completa