Relationship Between Parental Lifestyle and Dietary Habits of Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Although parents seek the best for their children, nutrition education for parents has attracted little attention to improve their children's dietary habits. To address this gap, this study aimed to examine the relationship between parental lifestyle factors and children's dietary habits. We used data from the questionnaire survey of the Super Shokuiku School Project conducted in January 2016. The participants consisted of 1,632 elementary school children who answered questions about their lifestyle, while their parents answered parental lifestyle questions, including Breslow's seven health practice score (BHPS). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the strength of the relationship between parental lifestyle factors and parental dietary attitudes or children's dietary habits. Compared with good maternal BHPS (scores of 6-7), poor maternal BHPS (scores of 0-3) was significantly associated with less parental interest in Shokuiku, less parental consideration of nutrient balance, and an increased rate of children eating breakfast alone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.78, aOR 3.86; 95% CI, 2.50-5.96, and aOR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.34-4.35, respectively). There was no significant difference between parental BHPS and the following children's dietary habits: frequency of eating breakfast, vegetable intake, and snacking. These habits of children were associated with their personal lifestyle factors. Two types of dietary habits among children were associated with lifestyle factors of both parents and children. Nutrition education might be especially important for parents to improve their dietary attitude and children's dietary habits. However, different nutrition education interventions would be needed to appropriately address each dietary habit.