The rolB‐transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants exhibit upregulated ARF7 and ARF19 gene expression

Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic locus B (rolB) is known to induce hairy roots along with triggering several physiological and morphological changes when present as a transgene. However, it is still unknown how this gene triggers these changes within the plant system. In this study, the effect of rolB in‐planta, when present as a transgene, was assessed on the gene expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs)—transcription factors which are key players in auxin‐mediated responses. The goal was to uncover Auxin/ARF‐driven transcriptional networks potentially active and working selectively, if any, in rolB transgenic background, which might potentially be associated with hairy root development. Hence, the approach involved establishing rolB‐transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants, selecting ARFs (NtARFs) for context‐relevance using bioinformatics followed by gene expression profiling. It was observed that out of the chosen NtARFs, NtARF7 and NtARF19 exhibited a consistent pattern of gene upregulation across organ types. In order to understand the significance of these selective gene upregulation, ontology‐based transcriptional network maps of the differentially and nondifferentially expressed ARFs were constructed, guided by co‐expression databases. The network maps suggested that NtARF7‐NtARF19 might have major deterministic, underappreciated roles to play in root development in a rolB‐transgenic background—as observed by higher number of “root‐related” biological processes present as nodes compared to network maps for similarly constructed other non‐differentially expressed ARFs. Based on the inferences drawn, it is hypothesized that rolB, when present as a transgene, might drive hairy root development by selective induction of NtARF7 and NtARF19, suggesting a functional link between the two, leading to the specialized and characteristic rolB‐associated traits. Significance statement In this study, it was observed that NtARF7 and NtARF19 are upregulated in rolB‐transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. To understand their potential relevance, Gene Ontology‐based transcriptional network maps for differentially and nondifferentially expressed ARFs were constructed. Higher number of “root‐related” biological processes were observed for differentially upregulated ARFs as compared with nondifferentially expressed ARFs. Based on the inferences, the existence of a functional link was postulated between rolB and auxin via NtARF7‐NtARF19 leading to the characte