Experimental and bioinformatics study for production of l-asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis: a promising enzyme for medical application

A Bacillus licheniformis isolate with high l -asparaginase productivity was recovered upon screening two hundred soil samples. This isolate produces the two types of bacterial l -asparaginases, the intracellular type I and the extracellular type II. The catalytic activity of type II enzyme was much higher than that of type I and reached about 5.5 IU/ml/h. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that l -asparaginases of Bacillus licheniformis is clustered with those of Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus haloterans , Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus tequilensis while it exhibits distant relatedness to l -asparaginases of other Bacillus subtilis species as well as to those of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezensis species. Upon comparison of Bacillus licheniformis l -asparaginase to those of the two FDA approved l -asparaginases of E. coli (marketed as Elspar) and Erwinia chrysanthemi (marketed as Erwinaze), it observed in a cluster distinct from- and with validly predicted antigenic regions number comparable to those of the two mentioned reference strains. It exhibited maximum activity at 40 °C, pH 8.6, 40 mM asparagine, 10 mM zinc sulphate and could withstand 500 mM NaCl and retain 70% of its activity at 70 °C for 30 min exposure time. Isolate enzyme productivity was improved by gamma irradiation and optimized by RSM experimental design (Box–Behnken central composite design). The optimum conditions for maximum l -asparaginase production by the improved mutant were 39.57 °C, 7.39 pH, 20.74 h, 196.40 rpm, 0.5% glucose, 0.1% ammonium chloride, and 10 mM magnesium sulphate. Taken together, Bacillus licheniformis l -asparaginase can be considered as a promising candidate for clinical application as antileukemic agent.