Safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect type II under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance: A case control study

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect is routinely performed under general anesthesia and transesophageal echocardiography guidance. If patients have good echo windows, the procedure could be performed under transthoracic echo guidance. To evaluate safety and efficacy of the intervention using fluoroscopy and echo guidance. In a case control study design, 180 patients underwent atrial septal defect closure between January 2010 and December 2016. In 32 patients, the intervention was performed under fluoroscopy and transthoracic echo guidance. Our study group consisted of 22 out of 32 patients (