Monitoring the Deformation of the Western part of the Nile Delta, Egypt Using Sentinel-1A and Seismicity Data

The Egyptian Nile Delta is one of the world's most vital regions owing to its great agricultural, industrial, and economic value. Almost half of Egypt's population resides in this region, which has experienced significant land subsidence during the past decade. The present study evaluates the land deformation rate based on Sentinel-1A C-band synthetic aperture radar imagery on the western part of the Nile Delta. Due to the impact of the earthquake event in crete at magnitude of approximately 6.2 Mw on 19 October 2021, 6 scenes were selected to know the differential interferogram and vertical deformations. In our case study, Sentinel Application Platform processing techniques are applied to 6 Sentinel-1A images on 10 September, 4 October 2021, 13-25 October 2021 and 04-21 November 2021 before and after the occurrence of the earthquake, respectively. Our results show that some places in the western part of Nile Delta region experienced low–medium ground movement. To mitigate the seismic and kinetic effects in the western part of Delta, the construction of large factories near residential areas is discouraged. Moreover, urban expansion should be managed in these regions, and excessive groundwater extraction should be avoided in the arid regions near the western part of Nile delta.