Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Collectively, gender differences may be taken into account when providing healthcare management and allocate resources for prevention and treatment of DM-related complications [1]. Besides traditional risk factors for macrovascular DM-related complications, emerging data of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide new insights for the risk of hyperglycemia and the development of these complications and their response to current treatment. GLP-1R agonists are associated with a decrease in well-known risk factors for heart disease, such as HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, body weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, and triglycerides [2]. [...]understanding GLP-1R polymorphism may help predict individual response to CAD treatment, although randomized controlled and multicenter trials are further required to verify the importance of GLP-1R polymorphism. The Importance of Disease Duration” of J. P. Seferovic et al., both retinopathy and neuropathy were associated with a primary composite outcome (CV death, nonfatal MI (myocardial infarction), stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina); CV composite (CV death, nonfatal MI, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF)); myocardial infarction; HF hospitalization; and all-cause mortality. In the study of K. W. Lee et al. entitled “Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Diabetic Monkey Model and Therapeutic Testing of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” a cynomolgus monkey model of streptozotocin-induced DN combined to acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, MSC treatment promoted amelioration of functional parameters and attenuated morphological kidney damage.