Optimal Operation of Isolated Microgrids Considering Frequency Constraints

Isolated microgrids must be able to perform autonomous operation without external grid support. This leads to a challenge when non-dispatchable generators are installed because power imbalances can produce frequency excursions compromising the system operation. This paper addresses the optimal operation of PV–battery–diesel-based microgrids taking into account the frequency constraints. Particularly, a new stochastic optimization method to maximize the PV generation while ensuring the grid frequency limits is proposed. The optimization problem was formulated including a minimum frequency constraint, which was obtained from a dynamic study considering maximum load and photovoltaic power variations. Once the optimization problem was formulated, three complete days were simulated to verify the proper behavior. Finally, the system was validated in a laboratory-scaled microgrid.