Shear bond strength and ARI scores of metal brackets to glazed glass ceramics and zirconia: an in vitro study investigating surface treatment protocols

To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of metal brackets to glazed lithium disilicate reinforced glass-ceramics and zirconia according to various surface treatment protocols. A total of 240 lithium disilicate ceramic (LD) and 240 zirconia (Zr) blocks were randomly divided according to sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, universal primer use, and the adhesive system applied. A maxillary canine metal bracket was bonded to each sample with resin cement (Transbond XT, TXT). SBS tests and ARI score analysis were performed. Four-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for SBS differences, and Fisher's exact test was used for the ARI scores (p