El Auxilio Social de Falange y la construcción identitaria de la nueva infancia en la dictadura franquista

The issue of childhood in dictatorships is still the subject of marginal and insufficient attention by historians of education. In the case of Spain, the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) silenced the memory of those defeated in the Civil War, with children being the main victims. Our study takes as its starting point the Falangist institution Social Assistance, erected as the most emblematic welfare agency of the Franco regime, whose main function was to discipline the child's soul and resocialize the school population from the territories of the vanquished the Republicans. The analysis of the research evidences the mechanisms of control and punitivism used by Social Assistance for the identity construction of the 'New Child'. In this work of coercive reorganization of childhood, Newsreels and Documentaries (hereinafter, NO-DO) became during the dictatorship the best propaganda tool to tell audiovisually the role of Social Assistance in the dissemination of national-s yndicalist and national-Catholic values. The methodology applied has been the historical -educational research through the bibliographic review, the use of primary sources and the analysis of audiovisual archives. The results show the importance of NO-DO to disseminate an image of childhood, which contrasts with the identity developed by the children who passed through the Social Assistance institutions, as well as to elaborate a propaganda story that promoted the social acceptance of the Franco regime both nationally and internationally El tema de la infancia en las dictaduras aún sigue siendo objeto de una atención marginal e insuficiente por parte de los historiadores de la educación. En el caso de España, la dictadura franquista (1939-1975) silenció la memoria de los vencidos en la Guerra Civil, siendo la infancia la principal perjudicada. Nuestro estudio toma como punto de partida la institución falangista Auxilio Social, erigida como el organismo asistencial más emblemático del régimen de Franco, cuya principal función consistió en disciplinar el alma infantil y resocializar la población escolar procedente de los territorios de los vencidos -los republicanos-. El análisis de la investigación evidencia los mecanismos de control y punitivismo empleados por Auxilio Social para la construcción identitaria del ‘Niño Nuevo’. En esta labor de reordenación coactiva de la infancia, Noticiarios y Documentales (en adelante, NO-DO) se convirtieron durante la dictadura en la mejor herramienta propaga