Intelligent System for Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture: An electronic approach to Sustainable Farming

Pest control is an essential activity in agriculture to ensure optimal crop performance and prevent threats. In this context, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) emerges as a strategy to manage crops, lawns, or indoor spaces, curbing the pest proliferation. This article introduces a novel approach to automated integrated pest management by combining the rational behavior of intelligent agents with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The design and implementation of a cyber-physical system based on the concept of intelligent agents for integrated pest management in crops are presented. The system allows real-time data acquisition through electronic traps connected to a wireless sensor network based on LoRaWAN™, a low-power, wide-area network protocol built upon LoRa™ radio modulation. Communication, hardware, and software systems are developed, encompassing both on-site and remote monitoring from other locations through a central Internet-connected station. The developed system allows efficient space-time monitoring of pests and insects, enabling the identification and localization of infestation hotspots in the field. This precise and focused detection capability reduces the need for widespread treatments, optimizing resource usage, and minimizing environmental impact. This cyber-physical system represents a significant advancement in integrated pest management, providing a technological and sustainable solution to enhance agricultural productivity and contribute to more efficient and responsible agriculture. El manejo de plagas es una actividad esencial en la agricultura para garantizar el óptimo rendimiento de los cultivos y evitar amenazas. En este contexto, el manejo integrado de plagas se presenta como una estrategia para administrar de manera efectiva el cultivo, el césped o el espacio interior, previniendo la proliferación de plagas. Este artículo introduce un enfoque novedoso para el manejo automático integrado de plagas mediante la combinación del comportamiento racional de agentes inteligentes y las tecnologías de Internet de las cosas (IoT). Se presenta el diseño e implementación de un sistema ciberfísico basado en el concepto de agente inteligente para el manejo integrado de plagas en cultivos. El sistema permite la adquisición de información en tiempo real mediante trampas electrónicas conectadas a una red de sensores inalámbricos basada en LoRaWAN™, un protocolo de red de área amplia y baja potencia construido sobre la técnica de modulación d