Factores de riesgo de complicaciones macrovasculares en el paciente diabético tipo 2 al diagnóstico

Introduction: Macrovascular complications increase morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.Objective: To determine risk factors for macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis.Method: An analytical case-control study was carried out. The population studied was the 136 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the “José Martí Pérez” polyclinic in the province of Santiago de Cuba, during the period from September 2018 to December 2022. A sample of 120 patients who met the criteria for selection, distributed in 40 cases with macrovascular complications and 80 controls, were randomly selected from the population without complications. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed, calculating the cross-product ratio as an estimator of relative risk. The non-parametric Chi Square hypothesis test of independence was applied with a confidence level of 95%.Results: Patients aged 60 years and older had a 5.7 times higher risk of macrovascular complications and hypertensive patients had a risk of 9.6. Hyperlipidemia was associated with complications (OR= 8.14) and was responsible for 87.7% of cases. The hemodynamic parameters that increase the risk of these complications were arterial stiffness (OR=20.5), ankle-brachial index, and carotid intima-media thickness.Conclusions: The risk factors for macrovascular complications at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were age equal to or greater than 60 years, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arterial stiffness, ankle-brachial index, and thickness of the carotid intima media. Introducción: Las complicaciones macrovasculares aumentan la morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes diabéticos.Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo de complicaciones macrovasculares en el paciente diabético tipo 2 al diagnóstico.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de caso-control. La población estudiada fue de 136 pacientes diagnósticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, todos del policlínico “José Martí Pérez” de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, durante el periodo de septiembre del 2018 a diciembre del 2022. Se seleccionó una muestra de 120 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, distribuyéndose en 40 casos con complicaciones macrovasculares y 80 controles, seleccionados aleatoriamente de la parte de la población que no presenta complicaciones. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado, calculándose la razón de productos cruzados como estimador del riesgo relativo. S